Each claim states how it is known and cites its evidence.
EstablishedLarge consumer goods and repair.
Because it cannot match the finish and precision of other methods, hand lay-up has been mostly limited to large consumer goods such as bathtubs and swimming pools and to repair, and wet lay-up is a standard method for aircraft composite repair.
Evidence support: Supported by the cited evidence · 2 sources, multiple sources, independence unknown
Evidence: U.S. Department of Energy 2015 · Primary authority; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service 2023 · Primary authority
EstablishedInconsistent, skill-dependent quality; lower properties; worker exposure.
Hand lay-up gives inconsistent quality that depends heavily on the laminator’s skill; the low-viscosity resins it needs generally compromise mechanical and thermal properties, it gives lower properties than prepreg, it is messy, and it can be a health risk to the laminator.
Evidence support: Supported by the cited evidence · 2 sources, multiple sources, independence unknown
Evidence: U.S. Department of Energy 2015 · Primary authority; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service 2023 · Primary authority
EstablishedResin worked by hand into dry fabric on an open mould; cured at ambient or elevated temperature.
In hand lay-up, also called wet lay-up, resin is worked by hand with rollers or brushes into dry fibre fabrics laid on a mould, and the laminate cures at room or elevated temperature.
Evidence support: Supported by the cited evidence · 2 sources, multiple sources, independence unknown
Evidence: U.S. Department of Energy 2015 · Primary authority; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service 2023 · Primary authority